Oven.



L. C. REESE.

OVEN.

APPLICATION HLED APR. 24. 1915.

Patented May16, 1916.

WITNESSES l l N i l 'IE SAT@ PA UIIIDI.

LOUIS CHARLES REESE, 0F SAGINAW, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO 1illlR-NEB, t IPEIJEIDERER CO., 0F SAGINAW, MICHIGAN, A FIRM.

OVEN.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 116, 3191i@ Application led April 24, 1915. Serial No. 23,706.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, Louis CHARLES Rnnsn, a resident of Saginaw, in the county of Saginaw and State of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ovens, of which the following is a specification. g

This invention relates to improvements 1n ovens heated to higher temperatures, such as baking ovens, japanning and enameling stoves, drying kilns, annealing furnaces and the like, and has for its objects greater economy in fuel and labor and greater eiliciency in producing and regulating the heat required and in working such ovens than was possible to attain hitherto. To this end I employ a new inverted combustion furnace in which the fuel is burnt by means of air preheated by the waste heat of the oven which may consist of the heat carried away to the chimney by the used re gases, or of the heat absorbed by the outer structure of the oven and lost to the surroundings. I also introduce air thus preheated into the fire chamber of the oven either in order to burn the combustible gases still contained in the ire gases leavingA the furnace, or in order gradually to cool the oven after the furnace has been put out of activity.

The novel features,arrangements, parts and combinations thereof which constitute this invention, are fully explained in the following description of an example of its application which is also represented in the accompanying drawing forming apart of this specification.

The drawing represents a longitudinal section of a drying oven or stove heated according to this invention, of the furnace heating it and of its accessories.

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts serving the same or a similar purpose.

A is the oven and B the heating chamber thereof. B is heated by the fire gases passing through the channels C, Cl'and C, on their way to the chimney. Channels and ducts of this kind surround the dryilngr chamber B from all sides with the exception of the back which'is heated directly by the back of the furnace.

D is the fire chamber in which the re gases coming from the inverted combustion furnace E are completely burnt and give off their rst and fiercest heat.

Fais a wide tube leading air for the combustlon to thefurnace E, the air being preheated during its passage through F by the used fire gases.

Gr is a boXlike chamber consisting of two compartments in which auxiliary air for the combustion in the furnace E is pre heated by the hot brickwork underneath the fire chamber D.

I-I is the channel leading the fresh fire gases from E into D.

I is the tube conveying air into the firechamber D; this air is preheated by the hot brickwork forming the bottom of the chamber D and its prolongation, the channel C.

The oven A is made of brick, and its back surrounds the furnace E with exception of that part of its top containing the charging door and of the front which is covered with a suitable insulating material to prevent loss of heat.

a is the top brickwork of A containing the flue al leading the used fire gases from the broad heating channel C, to the chimney a2. 'Ihe latter is provided with the damper a, for adjusting its draft according to the requirements of the furnace and the heating system.

In theexample represented by the drawing the draft of the chimney is shown as the only means for sucking air for the combustion through F and G into the furnace E, and for the admixture to the fire gases or for cooling the oven into the ire chamber D, and for drawing the fire gases from E through the channel Il, the lire chamber D, the heating channels C, C, and C, and the flue a, into the chimney a2. Where the draft of the chimney is too weak for performing the work required, or where the use of a proper chimney stack is impracticable, suitable fans may be used instead with advantage. A suction fan provided with proper vmeans for regulating its effect may be arranged at the top of the flue al, or the air inlets of the ducts F, G and I may be connected with tubes through which a fan drives the required quantities of air into the system.

a, is the partition wall between the iiue l a, and the channel C, and a, is the ceiling of the drying chamber B and forms at the same time the bottom of C2. The front wall a, incloses the door opening of B and contains at each sideof same the heating channels C, connecting the top and bottom channels C and C2.

a, is the floor of B and contains at the same time the heating channel C and the fire chamber D. The foundation a8 incloses the air tube I and the air heating chamber G.

66 is the partition wall at theback of B between the latter and the furnace E, and am the back wall of the oven A surrounding E as described. The drying chamber B is charged and emptied through the opening provided with the outer door Z), and the inner door b2.

The walls of the inverted combustion fur nace E consist of the castiron ca-singe, the cast iron top el Vand the .firebrick l'lining e2. .The bottoni of .E isformed bythe grate@3 which is preferably a so-called rocking Vvgrate `and self cleaning. The topel Ycarries the door 6 4 for charging the furnace `with fuel. This door and all the other doo-rs arranged at E and the ashpit belonging to E, must be constructed in such a manner and provided with ysuch appliances that they can be hermetically closed. In regard to 'thedoor ci, this as attained by the movable yoke e5 straddling "e4, and the screw cG passing through c5 for tightening same.

c, is a `small door arranged immediately above the grate e3 for stoking the fire in case the grate should refuseto work; es is the Vmovable yoke and screw belonging to this door for -tightening it.

e9 is the channel arranged at 'the top c, for `conducting the preheated air from F around c1, then through `thenarrower,but broad channel @lo arranged down along the front of the casing @between the channel c, and theinlet en into the burning fuel above the grate.

cl2 is `the ashpit belonging to E, but formed by a cast-iron structure separate therefrom.

el, is the ashpit door which is provided with the tightening arrangement (yoke and screw) em.

@15 is a waterpipe provided with the regu. llating cock en, for letting water into the incandescent fuel inthe furnace if so desired..

6171s the insulating `material covering the front of the furnace E.

The tube "F leadingthe air 4required for `the lcombustion `from the room in front of bendff1 andthe throttle`valve'f2'Worked by means ofthe `rod f3 and the handle f4 from tliei'backof the oven.

lwith each other.

The air heating chamber G is composed of the compartments g1, and g2 communicating The front of the chamber G `forms'part of-the back wall of the ashpit 6,2. The air enters g, through the pipe g3 provided with the graduated slide valve g4B for regulating the inflow of air, and passes then into the upper and hotter compartment g2 which is subjected tothe fierce heat in the channel H and the fire chamber D, being separated therefrom only by a layer of re bricks. The "hot air leaving g2 travels then upward through the'pipe g5 tothe upper part of the furnace E which it enters at gs. The flow of air through .the .pipe g5 can be regulated by means of the throttle valve g, worked by the rod g8 and the handle gn. The pipes g3 and g5 are arranged at the side of the furnace E in `the brick wall am surrounding it. The

fire gases produced in the furnace E enter intothe channel H through alayer t of perforated bricks forming the lowest .part of the back wall of E. The tube I leading preheated air into `the re chamber D is provided Vwith the graduated slide valve i for regulating the quantity of air entering it ,and ends in the perforated tube a', distribare widely opened; straw, wood shavings,.

cotton wool or the `like are then introduced into the furnace E ythrough the door egt and lighted. Dry wood is then added, and, as soon as'the latter burns well, a little fuel, coal, coke, peat or the like, to be used for the work. After this charge has ,burnt through and is beginning to become incandescent, the doors e4, c7 and 6,3 are hermetically closed, and the slide valves f land g of the two air inlets of the Vfurnace E vare opened. After a short'l time the first small charge 'will be aglow and `the `furnace hot enough; it is then completely filled with fuel through the door e4, and afterthe latter has been closed again, the heat-produced 'is vregulated by regulating the slide valves ofthe air inlets, f and g4. In this way the foreman who works at the oven front, is enabled to regulate the vheat produced and thereby the temperature'ofthe oven'vvithout leaving his place. If the `fuel within the vfurnace is quite incandescent, producer gas may `be made by limiting the lquantity of air let into the furnace to the required famount, Ausing mainly the air-inlet g5. In

this case a small amountof water'may-.be introduced into theafurnace 4through lthe Watei'pipele15. Air ifs tlienrintrodueedfinto'the `heating chamber D lthrough the `tube -I in quantities regulated according -to *requirements by means ofthe slide valve z'. As soon as the air and gas meet in the red hot chamber the latter lights up immediately without any danger of explosion. Another object of the air pipe I is to introduce air into D, after the air inlets f and g4 have been closed and thereby the combustion in the furnace E ceases, in order to cool the re chamber D and thereby the oven.

I claim:

l. In an oven, the combination with an oven chamber adapted to receive the articles to be heated, of an inverted combustion furnace, adjacent to the back of and adapted to heat the said oven chamber, a lire chamber arranged underneath the oven 'chamber at the end near the furnace and communicating with the lower part of the latter, of a heating flue forming a prolongation of the re chamber underneath the oven chamber, heating ues spreading upward from the said flue along the sides and front of the oven chamber, a wide iue communicating with the last named flues and running along the top of the oven chamber, a flue superposed to and communicating with the said top flue for leading the spent fire gases to the chimney, means for regulating the draft in this flue, a pipe open to the air, arranged in the said flue and leading the air preheated therein by the spent fire gases to the furnace, means for controlling the inflow of air into the said pipe, a pipe open to the air, arranged underneath and in close proximity to the heating flue in the brickwork forming the bottom of the oven chamber and leading the air thus preheated into the re chamber, and means for controlling the inflow of air into the said pipe.

2. In an oven, the combination with an oven chamber adapted to receive the articles to be heated, of an inverted combustion furnace adjacent to the back of and adapted to heat the said oven chamber, a fire chamber arranged underneath the said oven chamber and communicating with the furnace, a wide heating flue forming a prolongation of the said fire chamber underneath the oven chamber, flues arranged at y the side, front and top of the oven chamber so as to heat same by the fire gases, a smoke flue superposed to and communicating with the top heating flue and leading the spent fire gases to the chimney, means for regulat ing the draft in the said smoke ue, a pipe arranged in this flue, open to the air and communicating with the furnace, means for controlling the amount of air passing through this pipe, a pipe open to the air, arranged in the brickwork underneath the oven chamber and communicating with the iire chamber, means for controlling the amount of air passing through this pipe, a closed space arranged underneath the fire chamber for air to be heated therein by the surrounding brickwork, means for regulating the inflow of'air into this space, a pipe connecting the same with the furnace, and means for controlling the amount of air passing from the former into the latter.

3. In an oven, the combination with a closed oven chamber, of a door for charging same at its front, an inverted combustion furnace for heating the said chamber at its back, a iire chamber underneath said oven chamber and communicating with the furnace, a wide horizontal heating flue forming a prolongation of the fire chamber to the front of the oven, upright heating ues arranged at the sides of the door in the front and side brickwork of the oven, a wide horizontal heating flue communicating with the latter ues and running along the top of the oven chamber, a smoke Hue arranged in the brickwork above the said top heating flue, communicating with same at its end at the back of the oven chamber and, after passing along the whole length of said oven chamber, with the chimney, means for con trolling the draft in the said smoke flue from the front of the oven, a pipe open to the air and running from the oven front through the said smoke flue and the interposed brickwork to the furnace, means arranged at the end of the said pipe protrud ing from the oven front for controlling the inflow of air, a pipe open to the air, and running from the front of the oven through the bottom brickwork of same to the fire chamber, and means arranged at the end of the said pipe protruding from the oven front for controlling the inflow of air.

LOUIS CHARLES REESE.

Witnesses CARL FLnTscHnR, MORRIS L. JOHNSTON.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for ve cents each, by addressing 'the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

